journal articleMarine spatial planning and marine protected area planning are not the same and both are key for sustainability in a changing ocean. Frazão Santos, C., Wedding, L.M., Agardy, T., Reimer, J.M., Gissi, E. & Calado, H. npj Ocean Sustainability 4, 23 (2025).
|
|
Climate-smart ocean solutions require distinguishing marine spatial planning and marine conservation planning
In a paper published in May 15, 2025, in npj Ocean Sustainability (Nature group), researchers propose pathways to optimise synergies between marine spatial planning (MSP) and marine protected area (MPA) planning under a rapidly changing climate. The team highlights that both concepts serve different goals and result in different outcomes. This recognition is stressed as a prerequisite to dispel confusion and provide a clear pathway to climate-smart sustainable solutions.
Led by Dr. Catarina Frazão Santos, an invited assistant professor at the University of Lisbon (CIÊNCIAS and MARE) and honorary research associate at the University of Oxford, the team includes scientists and practitioners from Portugal (University of Lisbon and University of the Azores), United States (Sound Seas), Italy (National Research Council), Canada (Fisheries and Oceans Canada), and the United Kingdom (University of Oxford).
MSP and MPA planning are two area-based management processes used worldwide to support sustainable ocean use and conservation. While they share a variety of similarities, they target different goals and objectives, and use different methodologies, tools, and practitioner skillsets. Still, the concepts of MSP and MPA planning are often used interchangeably in multiple contexts, leading to confusion, conflict, and missed opportunities to support sustainable ocean solutions.
As the world moves to incorporate climate change considerations into planning, it is fundamental to dispel confusion and provide a clear pathway for practitioners to adopt ‘climate-smart’ approaches in MSP and MPA planning practices. Clearly recognising MSP and MPA planning as serving different goals and resulting in different outcomes is a prerequisite to moving from conflation towards leveraging synergies between them.
To this purpose, the authors highlight and discuss five key aspects that set MSP and MPA planning apart: (i) the use of zonation, (ii) scale (temporal and spatial), (iii) stakeholder involvement, (iv) ability to take a systems view, and (v) integration of climate change considerations. The authors further identify seven key pathways to leverage synergies on how climate-smart MSP can support MPA planning: (i) supporting MPA site identification, (ii) setting the stage for dynamic MPA’s, (iii) informing MPA redesign and adaptation, (iv) promoting ecosystem recovery and restoration, (v) examining trade-offs between use and conservation, (vi) strategically allocating ocean uses, and (vii) anticipating and adapting to potential futures.
While recognizing differences, planners and managers should note that MSP and MPA planning are not interchangeable (nor competing) approaches. MSP is not intended to substitute MPA planning or promote economic growth at the expense of biodiversity, ecosystem health, and collective human well-being. The processes are mutually synergistic and should work in parallel and be further integrated to support ocean sustainability under dramatic and rapid change.
Quotes from authors:
“Marine spatial planning and marine protected area planning are not the same. But both play a key role in addressing the current climate-biodiversity crisis. We must move from conflation to leveraging synergies to support a sustainable ocean effectively.” Catarina Frazão Santos, Invited Assistant Professor at the University of Lisbon (CIÊNCIAS and MARE), and Honorary Research Associate at the University of Oxford.
“We need a clearer, consistent approach to defining concepts in maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas, escaping the current trend of excessive wording/rewording that risks creating unnecessary confusion and hampering effective implementation”. Helena Calado, Associate Professor at the University of the Azores.
“Disentangling marine spatial planning and marine protected area planning is a critical step toward allowing both processes to meet their full potential – and we do need both if we are going to secure a protected, productive, and prosperous ocean for all.” Julie Reimer, Senior Policy Advisor at Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
“As scientists, our role is to support informed decision-making. Although MSP and MPA planning both involve spatial approaches, they serve different purposes and are grounded in distinct goals. Clarifying these differences is essential to ensure that conservation and sustainable use are effectively addressed—especially under the pressure of a changing climate.” Elena Gissi, Senior Scientist at the National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Italy.
“Identifying synergies between marine spatial planning and marine protected area planning is key to providing a clear pathway to the climate-smart sustainable solutions for our ocean.” Lisa Wedding, Associate Professor at the University of Oxford.
*******************
Media coverage:
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1083999
https://phys.org/news/2025-05-climate-smart-ocean-solutions-require.html#google_vignette
https://ciencias.ulisboa.pt/pt/noticia/15-05-2025/distinguir-ordenamento-do-espaco-marinho-de-planeamento-de-areas-marinhas (in Portuguese)
https://www.revistasustentavel.pt/capital-natural/nova-abordagem-oceanos/ (in Portuguese)
https://greensavers.sapo.pt/artigo-cientifico-liderado-por-investigadora-portuguesa-cria-novo-rumo-para-oceano-sustentavel/ (in Portuguese)
See more at: https://nature.altmetric.com/details/177143522
